Concurrent schedules: Quantifying the aversiveness of noise

Assessing Animals’ Preferences: Concurrent Schedules of Reinforcement

Matching and Maximizing in Concurrent Schedules

In a recent article, Staddon and Motheral derived a mathematical model of responding in concurrent variable-interval-variable-interval schedules. According to this model, maximization of overall reinforcement rate predicts the operant matching law. However, Staddon and Motheral's derivation ignores a fundamental aspect of the concurrent schedule contingency. There are two simultaneously availab...

A Concurrent Dual-Band Low Noise Amplifier for GNSS Receivers

In this paper, a new design of concurrent dual-band Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) for multi-band single-channel Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers is proposed. This new structure is able to operate concurrently at frequency of 1.2 and 1.57 GHz. Parallel and series resonance parts are employed in the input matching in order to achieve concurrent performance. With respect to used pse...

Aversiveness of carbon dioxide.

Carbon dioxide can produce aversive stimulation of the upper airways, and in their recent review Conlee et al. (2005) emphasized: ‘y Leach et al. (2002) concluded that CO2, either alone or in combination with argon, cannot be used humanely at any concentration and is therefore unacceptable as a euthanasia agent for laboratory rodents, particularly when more humane methods exist. The findings of...

Aversiveness of carbon dioxide.

We are grateful to Dr Ronald Wood for providing in his letter in the July issue (Wood 2005) his expert views and methodologies that could potentially be used in future to test the behavioural effects of airborne contaminants and irritants. Dr Wood seems to accept in his letter that carbon dioxide is aversive but he is unsure how aversive, and believes that it can be safely and humanely used in ...